Scientists warn that advances in neuroscience could create new "brain weapons" capable of manipulating large groups by altering their cognition, emotions, or behavior, blurring the line between science fiction and reality. Although chemical weapons remain taboo in warfare, experts Michael Crowley and Malcolm Dando say modern technology now makes mind-altering tools more precise and accessible, increasing the risk that nations might use them to sedate, confuse, or coerce populations. They point to past research by countries like China and the former USSR and argue that medical knowledge could be twisted for control, urging proactive global governance to prevent these weapons from emerging.